University of Pennsylvania's Unique Course on Existential Despair
At the University of Pennsylvania, a prestigious institution within the Ivy League, one course stands out for its unconventional approach—”Existential Despair.” This class, taught by Professor Justin McDaniel, delves into reading and discussing melancholic literature, exploring what he describes as the universal human condition of existential despair.
Understanding Existential Despair
Professor McDaniel succinctly defines existential despair as a profound sense of anguish inherently tied to the human experience. Unlike despair stemming from specific life events like divorce or failure, existential despair encompasses broader themes associated with death, aging, illness, and loneliness. It is a type of suffering that lacks a tangible cause and cannot be avoided or controlled.
The Origin of the Course
The inception of “Existential Despair” arose from Professor McDaniel's frustration regarding students' unfamiliarity with classic cultural works. He recalls instances where he referenced renowned novels, Nobel Prize-winning literature, and significant artworks, only to be met with blank stares. This pervasive disconnect compelled him to pivot his teaching methodology.
In an effort to engage his students, McDaniel conducted a bold experiment. He invited two students to read a nearly 500-page novel under his supervision, devoid of any distractions, including cell phones. After eight hours of reading, he experienced an enlightening discussion with them, prompting the course's development.
Course Structure and Philosophy
Today, “Existential Despair” attracts hundreds of applicants each semester. The 45 students selected each week are kept in suspense until the afternoon before class when they discover their assigned book. Professor McDaniel emphasizes reading without external notes or research, facilitating a four to five-hour immersive experience followed by discussions conducted in complete darkness.
This unique format is a counterpoint to the increasing emphasis on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in many academic environments. While acknowledging the value of practical skills, McDaniel distinguishes education from mere training, arguing that true education does not provide straightforward answers or life manuals.
The Role of Literature in Education
According to McDaniel, prioritizing efficiency in education overlooks essential aspects of the human experience. He argues that life does not adhere to rationality; people do not always make optimal choices regarding food, sleep, or relationships. His perspective posits that literature, while not necessarily offering redemption, provides recognition of shared human emotions such as heartbreak, shame, and loss.
Preparing for Emotional Sophistication
Professor McDaniel advocates for a holistic approach to education, suggesting that future professionals—be they surgeons or bankers—should cultivate emotional intelligence alongside their practical skills. He aspires for his students to lead enriched lives, while acknowledging the inevitability of suffering. Literature and art serve as guides, showing that many have grappled with similar existential questions throughout history.
By exploring diverse narratives, McDaniel aims to impart understanding and resilience to his students, reinforcing that they are not alone in their struggles. Through the examination of various literary works, students gain insights into how people have sought meaning and how they have navigated the trials of existence.
